TENSES
POLA
|
KET.
WAKTU
|
|
Present
Tense
(Menyatakan
kebiasaan hingga sekarang masih dilakukan)
|
V=
(+) S+V¹ (-s/es utk S he,she,it)
(-) S+Do/Does not + V¹
Do utk S= I,you,they,we
Does utk S= he,she,it
She goes to school everyday
She does not go to school everyday
N=
(+) S+ to be (am/is/are) + adj/n/adv
She is beautiful
|
Every…
Usyally
Always
dll
|
Present
Continuous
(Menyatakan
aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu bicara)
|
V=
(+) S+ to be (am/is/are)+V-ing
She is not going to school everyday
|
Now
At
present
At
this moment
To
day
|
Present
Perfect
(Menyatakan
perbuatan/tindakan yang terjadi pada waktu yang tidak tertentu di masa lampau
dan pada saat berbicara perbuatan/tindakan tsb telah selesai/baru aja selesai
dilakukan)
|
V=
(+) S + have/has + V3
Have utk S= I,you,they,we
Has utk S= he,she,it
Father has gone to work for 12 hours
N=
(+) S + have/has+Been + adj/n/adv
Father has been at his office since 12
hours ago.
|
Lately
Recently
For
Since
already
yet
lately
just
|
Past
Tense
(Menyatakan
kegiatan yang dilakukan pada waktu lampau)
|
V=
(+) S + V2
(-) S + did not + V¹
Did utk semua Subjek
N=
(+) S + Be (was/were) + adj/n/adv
Was utk S= I,he,she,it
Were utk S= you,they,we
|
Yesterday
Last…
…ago
|
Past
Perfect Tense
(Menyatakan
aktivitas yang telah selesai dilakukan ketika aktivitas lain terjadi pada
waktu lampau)
|
V=
(+) S + had + V3
Had utk semua Sabjek (S)
N=
(+) S + had been + adj/n/adv
|
Before/when
+ S + V2
|
Past
Perfect Continuous
(Menyatakan
aktivitas yang telah berlangsung selama periode waktu tertentu ketika
aktivitas lain terjadi diwaktu lampau, aktivitas tsb masih berlangsung)
|
V=
(+) S + had been + V-ing
|
For
+ periode waktu + when/ before + S + V2
|
Future
tense
(Menyatakan
aktivitas yang akan dilakukan di waktu yang akan datang)
|
V= (+) S + will/shall + V¹
Will utk semua Sabjek (S)
Shall utk S = I,we
N=
(+) S + will/shall +be + adj/n/adv
|
Tomorrow
Next…
|
Future
Continuous
(Menyatakan
aktivitas yang akan sedang berlangsung di waktu yang akan datang)
|
V= (+) S + will/shall + be + V-ing |
At this time tomorrow
At
ten tomorrow
|
Future
Perfect
(Menyatakan
aktivitas yang akan telah selesai dilakukan ketika aktivitas lain terjadi
diwaktu yang akan datang)
|
V= (+) S + will/shall + have + V3
N=
(+) S + will/shall +have +been +adj/n/
|
By + ket.waktu |
Future
Perfect Continuous
(Menyatakan
aktivitas yang akan telah sedang berlangsung selama waktu tertentu ketika
aktivitas lain terjadi di waktu yang akan datang)
|
V= (+) S + will/shall +have+been + V-ing |
By + ket.waktu |
Past
Future Tense
(Menyatakan
perbuatan/keadaan yang akan datang dilakukan/terjadi diwaktu lampau.
Perbuatan tsb sudah direncanakan tapi tidak terlaksana)
|
V= (+) S + would/should + V¹
N=
(+) S + would/should + be + adj/n/adv
|
Yesterday
Last…
Just
now
If
+ simple past
|
Past
Future Perfect Tense
(menyatakan
suatu pengandaian pada masa lampau, sesuatu seharusnya akan telah terjadi
pada saat suatu syarat terpenuhi)
|
V= (+) S + would/should + have +V3
N= (+) S +
would/should + have been + adj/n/adv
|
If + past perfect |
Past
Perfect Continuous
(Menyatakan
perbuatan yang seharusnya sudah sedang berlangsung di suatu waktu di masa
lampau tetapi kenyataanya gagal berlangsung)
|
V= (+) S + would/should
+ have been + V-ing
|
By + ket.waktu |
Kita
bisa mengenali setiap tensis dengan mengetahui ciri-ciri khusus yang
dimiliki setiap tensis:
V¹/do,does/am,is,are
|
|
Simple
past
|
V2/did/was,were
|
Perfect
|
have/has/had
+ V3/been
|
Future/modal
(present)
Future/modal
(past)
|
will/shall/may/can/must
+ V¹/be
would/sould/might/could/had
to + V¹/be
|
Continuous
|
Tobe
+ v-ing
|
TO BE
|
Past
Perfect
Future/modal
|
Am,
is, are
Was,
were
Been
be
|
Contoh
soal
1.
Fred : Juda, the telephone rang twelve times. What were you doing?
Juda: I____ Javanese dancing, “Srimpi”.
a.
practised
d. have been practising
b. was
parctising
e. will be practising
c. have practised
Jawaban
: B (Past Continuous Tense)
2.
Dian : The Public Health Centre ____ there for more than twenty years.
The doctors and paramedis
work hard to improve the people’s health especially children.
Iwan : Yes, they are succesful. The infant/death rate has decreased remarkably.
a.
works
d. has been working
b.
worked
e. will have worked
c. is working
Jawaban
: D (Present Perfect Continuous = peristiwa yang terjadi/dimulai
pada waktu lampau dan sekarang masih berlangsung. Ada tanda waktu for yang bisa
dijadikan ciri)
3.
Devi : So you have finished washing the dished. When did you do it?
Sri
: I did while you ____ the yard.
a.
clean
d. were cleaning
b.
cleaned
e. have been cleaning
c. had cleaned
Jawaban : D (Past
Continuous tense = menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung ketika
kegiatan lain terjadi di waktu lampau. Kata while bisa dijadikan ciri)
4. Retno : Why don’t you reply my letter?
Hadi : Oh sorry.
I forget to tell you that I ___ in Bali since
last year.
a. am
living
d. will have lived
b. was
living
e. have been living
c. have to live
Jawaban : E (Present
Perfect Continuous. Tanda waktu since dapat dijadikan ciri)
5. Vina : When did you get the letter?
Fani : Yesterday. My
family ____ when the postman arrived.
a. have
lunch
d. will have had lunch
b. will have
lunch
e. have been
having lunch
c. were having lunch
Jawaban : C (Past
Continuous tense biasa juga dipakai untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang
dilakukan ketika kegiatan lain terjadi pada waktu lampau.
When + simple
past dapat dijadikan ciri)
Soal-Soal
Latihan
- If we don”t hurry, the meeting ___ by the time we get there.
a. would have
started
d. will start
b. will have
started
e. starts
c. will be started
- The librarian suddenly heard a noise.
Librarian : What was the
noise?
Student :
I dropped some books while I ____ them to the table.
a.
carry
d. am carrying
b.
carried
e. have carried
c. was carrying
- Ann has been looking for a job for six month.
This sentence means that Ann
___.
a. has got a new job d.
has stopped looking for a job
b. has worked for six
months e. started to work 6 months a go
c. is still looking for a
job
- When airport are located in the center of citied, they ___ noise pollution and distrub people’s life.
a.
caused d. were causing
b.
causes e. have caused
c. will cause
- Agam : Where will we go next holiday?
Joko : What
about Bali?
Agam : That’s OK, but I ____
there many times.
a.
am d. will be
b.
was e. will have been
c. have been
- My father is still in Bali. He ____ there for three weeks.
a.
is d.
has been
b.
was e. have
been
c. had
been
- Anto : I’m sorry Ary. I forget to bring your book.
Ary
: What did he say Lina?
Lina
: Anto said that he ___ to bring your book.
a. has
forgotten d. forgets
b. had
forgotten e. forgot
c. would
forget
- Teacher : I”ve heard that Benny is ill. Is it right?
Student : Yes, sir. He
____ ill for a week.
a.
was d. would be
b. has
been e. will have been
c. had
been
- Teacher : You will be ready for a test next week. Learn all these.
Student : All right,
sir. I ____ them by then.
a.
learn d. will be learning
b. have
learnt e. will have learnt
c. am
learning
- Reni goes to her university every morning. She studies business. You can’t meet her at her house at 10.00 tomorrow. She ___ the lectures.
a. will be
attending d. has
attended
b. has
been attending e.
attended
c. would
be attended
