DIRECT - INDIRECT (Reported Speech)
Ketika kita merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung,
ada beberapa hal yang mengalami perubahan diantaranya perubahan tenses,
struktur kalimat, pronoun (kata ganti orang), Possessive (kata ganti
kepemilikan), keterangan waktu, dan tempat.
Perubahan pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek
yang dipakai di kalimat langsung/tidak langsung.
Jika kalimat langsung adalah kalimat tanya maka ketika kalimat itu
diulang (kalimat tidak langsung) tidak membentuk kata tanya lagi tetapi menjadi
kalimat berita. Kata penghubungnya adalah if/whether dan what, why, where,
when, who, how. Begitu pula jika kalimat langsung adalah kalimat perintah maka
di kalimat tidak langsung menjadi kalimat berita. Kata penghubungnya adalah (+)
to infinitive/V1, (-) not to infinitive/V1
Contoh
Kalimat
Kalimat tidak langsung/indirect
|
|
(+)
He said, “ I have a present for you in my bag.”
(-)
He said, “I do not have a present for you in my bag”
(?)
He asked, “Do I have a present for you in my bag?”
(?)
He asked me, “ Why do I have to have a present for you
in my bag?
(!)
He ordered/commanded me, “Bring my bag here now!”
(!)
He ordered me, “Don’t bring your bag here!”
|
(+)
He said that he had a present for me in his bag.
(-)
He said that he did not have a present for me in his bag.
(?)
He asked me if/whether he had a present for me in his
bag.
(?)
He asked me why he had to have a present for me
in his bag.
(!)
He ordered/commanded me to bring his bag there then.
(!)
He ordered me not to bring my bag there.
|
Perubahan Tenses
Indirect
(kalimat tidak langsung)
|
|
Simple Present
Present
Continuous
Present
Future
Present
Perfect
Present
Perfect Continuous
Simple
Past
Past
Continuous
|
Simple Past
Past
Continuous
Past
Future
Past
Perfect
Past
Perfect Continuous
Past
Perfect
Past
Perfect Continuous
|
Lebih
singkatnya perubahan tenses tersebut adalah:
Indirect
|
|
V1
(eat)
V2
(ate)
Am/is/are
Do/does
Do/does
not
Did
not
Was/were
Am/is/are
+ V-ing
Was/were
+V-ing
Has/have
+ V3
Will/shall/can/may/must
Could/might/should/would
+ V1/be
|
V2
(ate)
Had
+ V3 (had eaten)
Was/were
Did
Did
not
Had
not + V3
Had
been
Was/were
+ V-ing
Had
been + V-ing
Had
+ V3
Would/should/could/might/had
to
could/might/should/would
+ have+ V3/been
|
Perubahan Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat
Indirect
|
|
Now
Today
Tomorrow
Next…
Last…
…ago
Yesterday
The
day before yesterday
Here
This
These
|
Then
That
day
The
next day
The
day after
The
following day
A
day later
The…
after
The
following…
The…before
The
previous …
The
preceeding
…before
…earlier
The
day before
The
previous day
The
preceeding day
Two
day before
There
That
those
|
Contoh
Soal
- Beckham : Did you know what Fingo said yesterday?
Raul
: Of course. He said ____ the previous day.
a. had gone to his
country d. he went to his country
b. he has gone to his
country e. he goes to his country
c. he will go to his country
Jawaban : A ( kalau kalimat
langsung/direct simple past, indirect/tdk langsung harus past perfect)
- Teacher : Why was Mary absent yesterday?
Jenifer : What
did the teacher want to know, Ferdy?
Ferdy
: he wanted to know ____
a. if Mary was
absent d. that Mary had been absent
b. why Mary was
absent e. why Mary had been absent
c. why was Mary absent
Jawaban : E (direct
berbentuk Wh-question bentuk past tense jadi indirec
berbentuk past perfect)
- Mother : Don’t be so noisy, Herman. The baby is sleeping.
Herman : Okay, mom.
Rudy
: What did your mother just told you?
Herman : She told me
___ because the baby was sleeping.
a. I wasn’t so noisy d.
I am very noisy
b. not to be so
noisy e. to be not so noisy
c. don’t be noisy
Jawaban : B (direct: don’t
+ be maka indirect: not + to be)
- Doctor : Open your mouth!
Mother
: What did the doctor tell you?
Son
: The doctor told me ___
a. that I
open his mouth d. to open my mouth
b. if I
opened my mouth e. opened my mouth
c. to open
my mouth
Jawaban
: D (direct: V1 + O maka direct: to V1 + O)
- Mother : Do you want meatballs or fried chicken?
Mother asked me ____
a. whether I wanted meatball
or fried shicken
b. whether I want meatball
or fried chicken
c. that I wanted meatball or
fried chicken
d. that I want meatball or
fried chicken
e. if I want meatball or
fried chicken
Jawaban:
A (direct: do/does + S +V1 maka indirect: if/whether
+ S + V2)
Soal-Soal
Latihan
1. Head master : Why didn”t you clean this room this morning?
Jani
: I am sorry. I got a headache.
The headmaster asked her why
___ the room this morning.
a. I hadn’t
cleaned d. he headn’t cleaned
b. he does not
clean e. he would not clean
c. he hasn’t cleaned
2. Anto : I am sorry Lina. I forgot to bring your book.
Ari : What
did he say, Lina?
Lina
: Anto said to me that he ___ to bring my book.
a. has
forgotten d. forgets
b. had
forgotten e. forgot
c. would
forget
3. Mother asked Mira to close the windows because it was windy outside.
Mother
said, “ ___________”
a. Mira
closed the window. It is windy outside.
b. Closed
the window, Mira. It is windy outside.
c. Mira
closed the window. It was windy outside.
d. Does
Mira close the window. It was windy outside.
e. To
close the window Mira! It is windy outside.
4. “What are you doing now?”, he asked.
He asked
me ____
a. what
are you were doing now d. what I was doing then.
b. what
were you doing now. e. what I am doing now.
c. what I
was doing then
5. “Is John coming to the party tonight?”
“yes, he
asked me ____”.
a. If he
could go with us d. going with us
b. can he
go with us e. wether he goes with us
c. he went
with us
6. My parents advised my sister ____ too much money on
clothes.
a. do not
spend d. not spending
b. not to
spend e. not spend
c. did not
spend
7. The secretary asked me ___ with Mr. Slamet.
a. did I
have an appointment d. when
is my appointment
b. how was
my appointment e. that I had
an appointment
c. whether
I had appointment
8. “don’t make noise, children”, she said.
a.
She told the children don’t make noise
b.
She said the children didn’t make noise
c.
She didn’t say the children should noise
d.
She told the children not to make noise.
e.
She didn’t tell the children to make noise
9. My friend said to me, “Can I find you a hotel?”. Mean____
a. My
friend asked me if I could help him find a hotel.
b. I
wondered if my friend could help me find a hotel.
c. My
friend said that I could help him find a hotel.
d. My
friend asked me to find a hotel for him.
e. My
friend asked me whether he could help me find a hotel.
10. Father said, “Finish your work!”
The
indirect form is: Father told me ____
a. finish
your work d. to finish your work
b.
finished your work e. to finish my work
c. that I
finish my work
